时间：2022-07-25 06:10:37
专题策划：高考英语常见考点梳理
编者按：高考即将来临，面对高考英语的众多考点，同学们是否感到不知所措？其实历年高考英语的热门考点都是比较集中的。本专题就高考中的常见考点――定语从句、状语从句和动词的时态与语态进行梳理，希望能帮助同学们在高考中获得高分。
考点一：考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
which既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。当定语从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语后接的是一个复合宾语结构时，我们一般用which引导定语从句。
例1 That evening，______ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
解析：答案为B。that evening是先行词，在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，应选择关系代词，排除D；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；what不能引导定语从句，排除C。所以，选择which引导非限制性定语从句。
例2 When deeply absorbed in work，______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
解析：答案为B。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作表语，指代整个主句。
例3 Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement ______ took courage.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
解析：答案为C。所填词引导的从句修饰名词achievement，关系词在从句中作主语，用which。
考点二：考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose在定语从句中充当名词的定语，其后跟名词，构成“whose +名词”的形式，既可以表示某人的，又可以表示某物的。“whose +名词”相当于“the+名词+of which/whom”或 “of which/whom+ the +名词”。
例4 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
解析：答案为B。先行词Professor Smith和help之间存在所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
考点三：考查as引导的非限制性定语从句
as 引导非限制性定语从句，可指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间。当定语从句的谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported /imagined / said / shown等被动形式，或usually happen/be often the case等表示习惯性或司空见惯之意时，常用as，而不用which，译为“正如……”。
例5 A lot of language learning，______ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this
解析：答案为A。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，从句意为“正如被发现的一样”。
例6 The air quality in the city，______ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
解析：答案为C。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，从句意为 “正如在报告里所说的那样”。
考点四：考查关系副词where引导的定语从句
近几年的高考试题对关系副词where的考查集中在表示地点的名词作先行词和先行词为表示“模糊化的地点”的单词（如situation，condition，point，case等）上。
例7 Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
解析：答案为D。如果先行词为抽象名词（position，point，situation等），且后面的从句基本成分完整，就用where来引导定语从句。
例8 A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
解析：答案为C。因为先行词是the place，表示地点，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。
考点五：考查“介词+关系代词（which /whom）”引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构。确定介词时，一是依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配， 二是依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，三是根据所要表达的意思。
例9 Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
解析：答案为D。a gradual process充当从句的先行词，为后面定语从句的抽象地点状语，因此用in which引导定语从句。
例10 In our class there are 46 students，______ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them
C. of whom D. of them
解析：答案为C。根据句子的结构，可知这里表示所属关系，因此要用介词of。 此句可转换成：In our class there are 46 students，and half of them wear glasses.原句前后两句话之间无连词，不能用人称代词them。
考点六：考查定语从句的分隔
一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后，但有时定语从句和先行词会被介词短语或其他成分分隔，干扰同学们对句子结构的判断，从而加大辨别从句的难度。
例11 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，______，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
解析：答案为B。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Ellen。由于定语从句比较长，所以放在句尾，从而保持句子结构的平衡。此外，which引导先行词是物的定语从句，whom引导先行词为人的定语从句时在从句中作宾语，where引导先行词是地点名词的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，均不符合语境。
例12 After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，______ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
解析：答案为B。由于指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。有的同学以为先行词是that area，意为“那个地方”，误选了where。同学们在做定语从句考题时，一定要分析句子成分。如此处分析句子成分后，可知“______ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive”从句中缺主语，修饰的是先行词people，只能用who引导。
（责任编校 彭益）