汉译英正误析

时间:2022-07-22 10:47:36

1. 你认为明天的天气会怎样?

误: What do you think will the weather be like tomorrow?

正: What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow?

析: 在宾语从句中,句子各成分应按陈述语序排列,即将主语放在谓语之前,无需将助动词will放在主语the weather之前。

2. 如果你想瘦些、健康些,最好少吃多锻炼。

误: If you want to be thinner and healthier,you’d better eat fewer food and take more exercise.

正: If you want to be thinner and healthier,you’d better eat less food and take more exercise.

析: 在此句中,food为不可数名词,其前不能用fewer修饰,而应该用little(少)的比较级less修饰。

3. 那箱蔬菜掉进了河里。

误: The box of vegetables fell in the river.

正: The box of vegetables fell into the river.

析: fall意为“跌落,落下”,“掉入”,“坠入”应该用“fall into”表示。

4. 不要把那个孩子单独留在家里。

误: Don’t leave the kid lonely at home.

正: Don’t leave the kid alone at home.

析: lonely意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,一个人处在一定的环境中,会感到“孤独”。 alone意为“独自,单独”,把“某人单独留下”应用leavealone表示,相当于leaveby himself。

5. 这个小男孩能自己穿衣服。

误: The little boy can dress clothes.

正: The little boy can dress himself.

析: dress可用作动词,作“穿衣服”讲,此时,宾语不能是表示衣物的名词或代词,而应该是表示人的名词或代词。

6. 我们谁都弄不懂这件事。

误: Nobody of us can understand it.

正: None of us can understand it.

析: nobody后面不可以接of短语,而none后面可接of短语。

7. 你们将和一班打比赛吗?

误: Are you going to play with Class One?

正: Are you going to play Class One?

析: play with意为“和……一起玩”。若要表示“与……比赛”,就应直接在play后面加上宾语。

8. 不要和别的男孩打架。

误: Don’t have fight with other boys.

正: Don’t have a fight with other boys.

析: fight作“打仗,打架”讲时,为可数名词,“have a fight with”意为“与……打架”,其中的a不能省略。

9. 这家商店的衣服很时尚。

误: The clothes in the shop are in the style.

正: The clothes in the shop are in style.

析: “in style”意为“时髦的”、“流行的”,是固定短语,style前面无需用冠词。

10. 他们住在一个叫桉树村的村庄。

误: They live in a village calls Gum Tree.

正: They live in a village called Gum Tree.

析: 一个名为桉树村的村庄,应为a village called Gum Tree,call是个动词,意为“叫做”,此处应用过去分词短语called Gum Tree作定语,修饰a village。

11. 你付给他多少钱?

误: How much money did you pay for him?

正: How much money did you pay him?

析: “pay for”后面应该跟要买的物品作宾语;表示“付给某人钱”,应该用“paysome money”。

12. 她感到晚上很难入睡。

误: She finds difficult to fall asleep at night.

正: She finds it difficult to fall asleep at night.

析: 动词不定式在find后面作宾语时,应用it作形式宾语,放在find和宾语补足语difficult之间,再将真正的宾语,即动词不定式(短语)放在宾语补足语之后。

13. 你妹妹工作得怎么样?

误: How is your sister getting on well with her work?

正: How is your sister getting on with her work?

析: how本身就是询问程度如何,所以动词后面不需要再用表示程度的副词well。

14. 我来给你提个建议吧!

误: Let me give you an advice!

正: Let me give you a piece of advice!

析: advice是不可数名词,其前不能直接用an来修饰。表示一条建议,应该用a piece of advice。

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