成对副词的用法比较
时间：2022-07-10 07:20:45
语中一些表示方式或程度的副词有两种形式，即形容词形式和副词形式， 如late，lately;high，highly;slow，slowly等。在这些词当中，两种形式所表达的含义有的完全不同，有的很相似，而有的却完全一致。这就给同学们在使用这些词时带来一定的麻烦，很容易混淆。
1. hard hardly
hard 作副词时，表示“努力地，艰苦地，猛烈地，重重地”， 而副词hardly表示“几乎不，简直不”。如：
He works hard all day. 他整天都在卖力干活。
It was raining hard last night. 昨晚下大雨。
He hardly works at all. 他很少干活。
In old China，there was hardly any machine-building factory. 旧中国几乎没有机器制造工业。
2. late lately
late作副词时，表示“迟，在晚期”， 而副词lately表示“最近，近来”。如：
You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
He often works late into the night. 他经常工作到深夜。
Have you seen him lately？你最近见到过他吗？
I haven’t been to the cinema lately. 我最近没去过电影院。
3. most mostly
most是副词much 的最高级，常与定冠词the置于多音节形容词或副词的前面构成最高级，表示“最”，也可表示“非常”，而副词mostly表示“主要地，大部分”。如：
This movie is the most interesting among all of them. 这部电影是所有电影中最有趣的。
The meeting was held in a most friendly atmosphere. 会议在非常友好的气氛中召开。
The person who talks most is often the one who does least. 说得最多的人常常干得最少。
The audience consisted mostly of women. 观众大部分是女的。
His friends are mostly teachers. 他的朋友大部分是教师。
4. direct directly
direct作副词时，表示“径直地，直接地”，而副词directly表示“直截了当地，直率地，马上，立即”。如：
The next flight does not go direct to Tokyo;it goes by way of Shanghai. 下趟航班不直飞东京，而是绕道上海。
This road leads direct to the school. 这条路直通学校。
He will be here directly. 他马上就来。
Please tell me about the best way to deal with the problem directly. 请直截了当地告诉我处理这个问题的最好方法。
5. clear clearly
clear 作副词时，表示“清楚地，清晰地;不接触地”，而副词clearly表示“明白地，显然地”。如：
Please stand clear of the gate. 请不要站在门前。
He spoke loud and clear. 他说话的声音清晰洪亮。
He stated his viewpoint clearly. 他很清楚地阐述了自己的观点。
Clearly you are right. 显然你是对的。
6. pretty prettily
pretty 作副词时，表示“相当，颇”，而副词prettily表示“漂亮地”。
The exam was pretty difficult. 这次考试相当难。
He danced pretty well. 他的舞跳得很好。
Her little girls are always prettily dressed. 她的女儿们的穿着总是很漂亮。
7. just justly
just作副词时，表示“正是，就是，刚才，简直是”，而副词justly表示“公正地，正义地，应得地”。如：
This is just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
They have just gone out. 他们刚出去。
The story is just wonderful. 这个故事真是太精彩了。
He was justly punished for his crime. 他因为所犯的罪受到了应得的惩罚。
8. nearnearly
near作副词时，表示“近，离……不远”，而副词nearly表示“几乎，差不多”。如：
Bob lives near. 鲍勃住在附近。
Spring Festival is drawing near. 春节即将来临。
Nearly all the students have heard of his story. 差不多所有学生都听说过他的故事。
9. closeclosely
close作副词时，表示“（距离上）接近地，紧紧地”，而副词closely表示“仔细地，严密地”。如：
She stood close against the wall. 她紧挨着墙站着。
She moved closer，trying to hear what Jack was saying. 她挪近了些，试图听清杰克在说什么。
The police were watching him closely. 警察正在密切监视他。
Inspectors will examine the accounts very closely. 监察员会非常仔细地核查所有账目。
10. widewidely
wide作副词时，表示具体的空间宽度，而副词widely常意为“广泛地”“在许多地方”，是一种抽象行为。
He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。
We were widely different on many questions. 我们在许多问题上分歧很大。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在全球广泛使用。
11. highhighly
high作副词时，表示具体的空间高度，而副词highly表示程度，相当于much，是抽象行为。
Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street？你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上空高高飞舞着？
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
12.deepdeeply
deep作副词时，表示具体的空间深度，而副词deeply时常表示感情上的深度，是抽象行为。
They had to dig deep to reach water. 他们挖了很深才挖到水。
The man buried gold deep in the sand. 这人把金子深深地埋在沙子里。
You have offended him deeply.你对他冒犯得可不轻。
I was deeply moved by his words. 我被他的话深深感动了。
练习：用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. To dig the hole _____，he worked _____ into the night. I was _____ moved by his hard work.（deep）
2. He was reading in the sofa with his eyes _____ open. He reads _____.（wide）
3. His family are _____ tall. And this is the _____ attractive thing in others’eyes.（most）
4. A woman aged 40 is _____ old to take up ballet dancing，but she can still dance very _____.（pretty）
5. It was blowing _____，so I could _____ open my eyes in the strong wind.（hard）
6. Let’s wait for him a while. He has _____ finished his work. The deadline is drawing _____.（near）
7. Please come _____ and watch me _____ to see what I am doing.（close）
8. I have been very busy _____，so I stay up very _____ until midnight these days. （late）
【参考答案】1. deep;deep;deeply 2. wide;widely 3. mostly;most 4. pretty;prettily 5. hard;hardly 6. nearly;near 7. close/closer;closely 8. lately;late
