碳源对氮素在不同潜流带介质中的迁移转化规律研究

时间:2022-06-26 03:51:25

碳源对氮素在不同潜流带介质中的迁移转化规律研究

摘要: 通过室内土柱实验模拟氮素在不同沉积物的潜流带中迁移转化途径,选取粗砂、细砂、粉砂三种介质,以浓度为65.5mg/L的硝酸钾溶液为原水,研究硝态氮在不同沉积物的潜流带中的环境行为;再通过补充碳源,研究碳源对氮的迁移转化过程的影响。实验结果表明,在不同的沉积物介质中,氮的迁移转化不同,主要受介质孔隙度和介质中有机质的制约。由于粉砂介质中孔隙度较小,有利于微生物的附着,且有机质含量较多,反硝化作用和异化还原作用强烈,所以硝酸盐氮下降的最多,而在粗砂介质中孔隙度相对较大,不利于微生物附着,且有机质含量相对较低,反硝化作用和异化还原作用较弱,硝酸盐氮下降的较少。而添加碳源后,反硝化作用和异化还原作用增强,三根柱子中的硝酸盐氮都降到很低的值,说明碳源对潜流带中硝态氮的去除起着重要的作用。

Abstract: We simulated the transportation and transformation of nitrogen in different mediums of hyporheic zones by the soil pillar experiment in laboratory. The experiment selects three media—the coarse sand, the fine sand soil and the silt soil. The concentration of potassium nitrate solution is 65.5mg/L in the raw water for studying the environmental behavior of nitrate in different mediums of hyporheic zones.After that, through the supplement of extra carbon source,we study on the effects of carbon sources on nitrogen migration.Experimental results demonstrate that the transportation and transformation of nitrogen is distinct in different mediums of hyporheic zones.Because it is restricted by the content of organic matter and the porosity of medias. The silt soil has minimum porosity,so it favors the attachment of microorganisms. The silt soil has high content of organic matter.The denitrification and the dissimilation-deoxidization of nitrate were strong relatively. As a result, the content of the nitrate is the lowest in the silt soil pillar. But the coarse sand has high porosity and it doesn't favor the attachment of microorganisms. Moreover the coarse sand has low content of organic matter. The denitrification and the dissimilation-deoxidization were weak. The decrease of nitrate is minimum in the coarse sand pillar.After we supply extra carbon source, the denitrification and the dissimilation-deoxidization were enhanced. The content of nitrate is very low in the three pillars. It suggested that carbon source plays an important role in the removal of nitrate in the hyporheic zones.

关键词: 碳源;硝态氮;迁移转化;潜流带;模拟实验

Key words: carbon source;nitrate;migration;hyporheic zone;simulating experiment

中图分类号:O6-3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2012)24-0018-04

0 引言

近年来,硝酸盐对地表水和地下水的污染越来越受到广泛关注,经研究发现,人体摄入硝酸盐后,硝酸盐在肠胃中可被还原成亚硝酸盐,而亚硝酸盐与人体血液作用,引起人体高铁血蛋白症,并诱发癌症和突变等。其主要来源是农业中大量含氮化肥的使用以及工业中含氮废水的不达标排放等[1]。潜流带作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,通过潜流带的自然净化作用,能达到去除硝酸盐的目的。该过程中,含硝酸盐的地表水或地下水进入潜流带后会产生相应的生物地球化学过程,通过吸附、硝化、反硝化或是异化还原过程使氮得到去除或转化。

潜流带(hyporheic zone)是位于溪流或河流河床之下并延伸至河溪边岸带的水分饱和的沉积物层,地表水和地下水在此相互混合和作用,河床和河流在此发生物质和能量的交换[2,3]。潜流带的沉积物组成在不同河流生态系统中往往差异较大,且多呈多元组合状态。其中,在靠近河岸地带,通常分布有砾石层,而距河岸稍远的地带则可能分布有黏土、粗砂、细砂、粉砂等。由于潜流带是河流地表水和地下水相互混合和作用的区域,会有水流和溶解性营养物进入潜流带,促使微生物群落大量繁殖,这些微生物群落影响了营养物质生物地球化学循环进行的速度和广度[4,5]。同时,发生在潜流带中的生物地球化学过程也显著影响氮的迁移和转化,甚至会影响整个河流生态系统氮的含量与形态。其中,氮循环过程及其发生的速率主要取决于地下物理化学条件,包括水流中硝态氮、氨氮及有机碳浓度等[6]。

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