Enlightenment of the harmonious thought of Lao Tzu to the university physical ed

时间:2022-06-14 04:37:04

Abstract. Based on some development imbalance existing in the traditional physical education and some misunderstandings existing in the education, this paper tries to learn from the thought of harmony of Lao Tzu and carries on the thorough excavation, in order to obtain some new enlightenment for the physical education, and improve the existing state of the physical education, thus realizing the development of physical education. College sports teaching content selection should adapt to the needs of the teaching subjects and meet the students’ interests, so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students. Philosophy of harmony has a positive significance to the college sports teaching. With this philosophy to discuss the reform of college physical education, we believe that we can improve the effectiveness of college physical education.

Key words: "Dao De Jing"; harmonious thought; college physical education

In the "Lao Tzu", the individual is not only an independent subject, but also is in all kinds of relationships, and sometimes this person refers to the individual's own development, and also sometimes the person as the groups developed in the relationship obtained through the natural interaction between the individuals themselves and others and the environment -- the heaven and the earth. Therefore, this paper treats them separately based on this consideration, and points out the role of them in the physical education in colleges and universities, but the thought of harmony as the main line of this article remains constant. The main body of sports education is none other than the two: the leading factor of sports teaching – the sports teachers and the sports learning subject – the students, and how to achieve harmony between the two and how to achieve harmony of their own in order to realize the harmony of physical education.

1. Teachers pursue the harmony in the physical education.

College physical education has had more and more achievements in the process of higher education reform in recent years, but it also has some disadvantages constantly exposed undoubtedly. For example, the education concept is narrow, the model is outdated, and the teachers cannot fully play a leading role in the sports teaching, etc. In the face of such a grim challenge, teachers should change the teaching concepts, and change the existing teaching status, which is not only the formidable challenge the college physical education faces to obtain great progress, but is also an important opportunity to realize adjustment. The harmonious thought of Lao Tzu will offer important enlightenment.

First, the construction of the open public sports classroom teaching mode has become the common understanding of teachers in college of physical education of universities. The open type teaching mode is the "intermediary" of the teaching theory and practice. It is the basic paradigm for the implementation of specific teaching objectives and curriculum design, textbook selection, and the suggestion of teachers’ activities under the guidance of the certain theory. Compared with the traditional closed type sports teaching, this model of the open sports teaching attaches much importance to the leading roles of the teachers and lays more emphasis on the full play of the students' main body function, and can effectively guide the students to analyze the essence and value of the physical education, so as to realize the transformation from the "want me (teachers) to learn" to "I (students) want to learn", so as to change the heavy side and non equilibrium state with the teachers, the teaching materials and the tests as the center. This shift highlights the college PE teachers in the physical education put efforts in the pursuit of the good communication with students, to achieve the harmony of the teaching process, and improve the quality of teaching, so that more students will benefit from the physical education learning, thus improving the great advantages of the quality of the teaching. It helps college students actively to form the energetic and healthy way of life and construct the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior and at the same time learn the professional knowledge, and give full play to the role of PE class in the higher education, and make the students more reasonably arrange the individual sports mode to improve the physique. The implementation of the open PE teaching mode has become the objective requirements of the development of the times, and the teachers must face such a historical big trend and change their teaching methods, and in the teaching process properly make changes, to realize the harmony of the teaching. Only in this way can the teachers achieve harmony in the physical education in colleges and universities.

Secondly, open the teaching main body. It has different approaches but equally satisfactory results in the construction of the open sports class in colleges and universities. Opening the teaching main body refers to creating a democratic atmosphere, to inspire the creativity of the students. Teachers should wholeheartedly and equal exchange with the students, and complete the teaching tasks in a harmonious atmosphere. This kind of harmonious teaching methods should run through the whole process of the physical education, so as to realize the real improvement of college physical education teaching. The opening of the teaching main body is people-oriented, and to give full play to the role of students. The role of teachers in the teaching process is not only to make the students as the main body perceive, understand, grasp, consolidate, and apply the theory of sports and practice, not just to get the physical improvement, but also to cultivate the interaction of students' knowledge, meaning, emotion and action, and realize the training of students' psychological health in sports activities, to realize the mutually reinforcing unity complement with each other. In sports, teaching, teachers should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students in learning to play the initiative, enthusiasm, let them discuss cooperatively, goes badly, ask questions, and should make the students not influenced by only the teachers, the books, the old ideas, and the old theories, and to ensure them to have the courage to ask questions, and dare to argue. At the same time, the teachers must respect and trust the students, and in the sports teaching, cultivate students' self-confidence, independence, and freedom consciousness, to realize the educational model of students’ independent thinking and independent study, and to achieve the teaching optimization. And in open physical teaching process teachers should guide the students to find problems and solve problems, to cultivate students to solve the difficulties encountered in the learning of sports with more ways such as books, reference materials and so on. Students should be good at practicing the learning methods the teachers teach, and flexibly use them in their own learning, to become the senior talents of higher level today's society needs who have higher self-study ability, technical ability, and lifelong learning ability. They should change the old learning state, and become the class masters, masters of learning, and the masters of creation.

2. Students achieve the harmony in the conscious physical education and sports.

Today's society is a learning society without end, and everyone should keep learning to enrich and improve themselves, so the lifelong education is very important for everyone. Lifelong education can guarantee that each individual can gain the all-round development and realize the true self, and can achieve really equal opportunity, to change the education in every phase of the life into the lifelong education, and transform the school education to the socialized education. Lifelong education is the process to constantly create the individuals, constantly expand their knowledge and skills and constantly cultivate their abilities to judge and act. The universities as the key areas of China's education undertake the task for the construction of the motherland of high-quality, high level, high rate, high standard talents. Higher education must adapt to the needs of the social development and the sustainable development of the talents. Sports as an important part of higher education should also change the education concepts to helping the sustainable development of talents, to establish a set of scientific lifelong physical education mechanism. In fact, the essence of the reason for the lifelong education is to ensure that in the physical exercise and learning the students can achieve harmony in accordance with their own existing specific circumstances. It is the reflection of the consciousness of the students in the physical education, and is the effective way to achieve harmony and health. The means of cultivating students' consciousness of education in sports teaching in colleges and universities include: clear the learning goals and stimulate the students' initiatives; use the effective teaching methods to cultivate students' interests in learning; reasonably arrange the teaching materials to arouse students' learning initiatives; reform the teaching contents of physical education to play the main role of the students; create a good teaching atmosphere to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm; reform of the examination approaches to urge the students to exercise; and cultivate good individual psychology.

However, for the students’ lifelong education and the learning consciousness education, there is a new sound in academic circle—the subject education theory. The subject education simply refers to relying on the subject to develop the education of the subject, and the main body is the students. Specifically it mainly has three layers of meaning. First, cultivate the students into the main part of the future social life, and promote the human subjectivity, which is the basic value position of the main body education. Second, in the educational activities, students are the main body who is growing, so they have certain subjectivity, and they need to be further developed and improved, which is the embodiment of the human nature of the subjective educational theory. Third, only by playing the subjectivity of people (the educators and the educated), can we cultivate the individuals of strong subjectivity, which is the basic strategy of the subject education. The ultimate goal of the main body education is to make every man develop comprehensively, freely and fully. The core of the subject education theory is the all-round development of people of Marx's theory. The subject education, generally speaking, is the education to cultivate people's subjectivity (i.e., with the characteristics of human initiative, independence, creativity) as the main goal. The independence is the premise and foundation that the students in the learning process can be used as the subject, and is the consciousness and ability under certain conditions to command and control their own activities, which is reflected in the self understanding and self improvement. The initiative is the most important performance of the students to become the subjects, to purposefully and consciously understand and transform the world, whose essence is the real choice and the initiative to adapt to the outside. And the creativity becomes the highest form of subject development, which is the realization beyond the reality based on the active choice. Man's all-round development has become the common understanding of the times, and it is a comprehensive concept, and is the specific unity and the historical development of the basic characters of many of man's common characteristics, the social character of the society and the individual’s personality of each specific individual. The all-round development of people is the internal unity of the people as the individuals of the society and the individual of the all-round development in the aspects of the natural physics, intelligence, moral emotions and the personal free development.

The long term evolution of nature has proved that the self-organizing way most effectively promotes the evolution and development of nature than the organized mode (opposed mode to the self organization). In a certain sense, self-organization means innovation, and the essence of self organization is innovation. The essence of the teaching theory corresponding to the natural science -- "self organizing teaching" is to cultivate the students' self development ability as the core in the teaching activities, and to pay attention to the training of students’ autonomy, initiative and creativity, to enable students to actively participate in the teaching process, and harmoniously develop in the aspect of knowledge, emotions, consciousness and morality, intelligence, physics and arts. In the education background of building a harmonious society, the advantages of "self organizing teaching" are mainly reflected in the following aspects. The teaching purpose is to promote the harmonious, full development of the overall quality of the students, and to realize the objectives of the quality education. The main strategy it uses is starting from adjusting and control the relationship of the elements of the teaching system structures, and provide harmonious teaching conditions and atmosphere for the healthy development of the students, thus achieving the overall optimization of the teaching. The value it pursues is the unity of the needs of their own development of students and the needs of the social development. Thus, the core connotation of "self organizing teaching" is consistent with the guiding ideology of the reform of the physical education teaching in colleges and universities of our country, and is unified with the leading value of constructing the socialist harmonious society. In the sports teaching the "self organize" abilities of the middle school students are reflected in: self promotion; self directed development; self adaptation and collaboration; self adjustment; self control and constraints. In addition, to play the teachers’ role of "harmonious promotion" is also very prominent in the self organization teaching, and the students need the teacher's guidance but not the control.

Of course, the student's own harmony is also reflected in the correct handling of the relationship between the sports and health first. The competitive sports have been profoundly manifested both in the games the schools organize on weekdays and in the sports event the Olympic Games of the whole humans. It is the effective way to reflect the sports, which is to test people's physical quality. But people must raise awareness, and recognize the real purposes of sports. The competitive sports is to challenge the limits of human beings -- higher, faster, and stronger, and to constantly improve people's fitness through the usual training, and to prevent the degradation of people’s physical quality with the continuous development of the material civilization today. This kind of sports is not for any economic purposes, and not for the political purposes, but it is to achieve an extrinsic pathway of healthier human life. Compared with the results of the competitive sports, health should have been put in the first place. Only by dealing well with the relationship between competitive sports and health can we realize the harmony of the students and the sports, enable the students to have healthy bodies, and to make the sports bring to the students the healthy bodies, happy moods, and mental health of the students.

3. Conclusion

The harmonious thought of Lao Tzu emphasizes the harmonious relationship between human and nature, and emphasizes the people foremost and the imitation of nature. This philosophy has influenced and penetrated into people's thought, morality, customs, arts, aesthetics, lifestyle and other concept forms, and has unconscious influence on the moral values of the Chinese nation and way of thinking, which is the essence of the Chinese culture and thoughts. Today, the status and role of the harmonious thought are becoming more and more important in the modern society. We should consider the harmony of the teachers and students respectively as the subjects and the harmonious thought between the teachers and students of the human as the subjects and as the group of people. Teachers as the important guide in the teaching of physical education should achieve the teaching purposes in harmony with the students, and achieve the goal of changing the present teaching situation. And the students as the main body of the sports learning should be adjusted according to their actual situation in sports, and the students should achieve the harmony in the conscious physical education and sports.

References:

[1] Sun Zailing, Zhai Liwu. The Enlightenment of the educational concept of "people foremost" on college physical education teaching reform [J], Journal of physical education, 2003, 10 (1): 81-82

[2] Geng Zhongyun. College physical education should strengthen the training of student's subject spirit [J], Nanjing Sport Institute, 2005, 19 (6): 16-118

[3] Liu Sheng. Exploration of the university sports teaching reform with the philosophy "harmony of the human and nature" [J], sports correspondence communication, 2002, 18 (3): 27-28

[4] Ma Delin. The value orientation of harmonious thoughts on the pre-Qin Confucian society and its contemporary significance [D], Shanghai Normal University, 2006

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