论英语阅读技巧

摘 要：阅读在英语考试中占有很大的比重，分值为40分。同学们如果想要在考试中拿到好的分数，阅读这一部分不能轻视。然而，有的同学的阅读方式却不太科学，如用笔或手指来点读、精读，或遇到不认识的单词就查字典等方式。本文就阅读技巧做了一些整理，以供参考。

关键词：英语 阅读 技巧

一、Specific Information

如果你想要找到更为关键、详尽的信息，就可以通过When， Where， What， Who， or How找到。

例如：I must say that my greatest interest in lift is studying. I would rather study than anything else. Since I left school， I have taken courses in all sorts of things. Once or twice I have done a correspondence course， but I much prefer evening classes because it’s more than that way. My latest “craze”―if you can call it that ―is foreign languages. I’m leaning two， not one！

1. Since the author left school， he has _____.

A. taken a lot of correspondence courses

B. attended many different courses

C. leaned a lot of languages

D. had many interests

答案：B

二、General Idea

当你阅读的时候，你必须要理解文章的大意。而要找出主旨、大意，你可以运用Skimming （略读） 这种阅读技巧。通常一句话就可以表达整篇文章的中心思想，中心句通常出现在文章的第一段、最后一段或是中间段落。但是，这种句子不是在任何文章中都表达出来了的。如遇这种情况，主旨大意就被隐含了，你要通观整篇文章才能理解。

例如：Forests are very important to people. People get wood for fuel and lumber for houses in the forests. They get food from the plant and trees. They also get other things like rubber， wax， rattan and bamboo from the forests.

答案：Importance of Forests

三、Context Clues to Word Meaning

“ Context Clues ” 主要有四种类型：

（1）重述单词：作者用其他方式更简单地描述单词的意思。

（2）同义词：一个或两个词跟要理解的单词的意思差不多。

（3）反义词：作者用与要理解的词的意思相反的单词来给我们暗示。

（4）细节：作者列出更多的细节或是例子来给我们阐释更简单的意思。

例如：In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now， however， everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word？

A.Orderly B.Disordered C.Safe D.Stable

答案：B

四、Word-part Clues to Word Meaning

如果有时你猜不出新单词的意思，一种方法可以教你学习：前缀、后缀和合成词。学会了这些，会节省很多时间并且增加你的词汇量。

如：（1）前缀

mis-错，误； mid-中央； under-低于； anti-反对

（2）后缀

reality. （-ty为名词的标志）； （-ize为及物动词的标志，如realize， modernize）

（3）合成词

partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out―outbreak（名词“爆发”），set out-outset（名词“起始”）。

例如：The reason for a visit to lighthouse are not all so backward―looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day， this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.

3. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” means_____.

答案：Far way

五、Signal Words

阅读时，有时重要的单词能帮助你理解文章。它们的功能就像交通灯或路标一样引导你沿着作者的思路走下去。它们会出现在文章的任何地方或者能起到连接两个段落的作用。例：but/however/ although/ nevertheless； anyway； on the other hand； in addition； furthermore/moreover； likewise； because/since/ for/ as； for example； for instance； in other words； such as； as； like； namely； one， two， three...

例如：As a matter of face， music is an expression of the people. As you research， you will find music of people a love of nature and at work or at party. You will find it can express love of the country， love of nature and love of home. Music is also an expression of the computer. The composer expresses him own music ideas. He studies the materials of music and discovers the use of them. He looks for new kinds of musical expression.

答案：As a matter of face； As （you research）， Also

六、Recognizing the Author’s Attitude

作者在写文章时，并没有明确写出他的观点是中立或是反对的，特别是当他要说服阅读者同意他们的观点时。所以通过呈现出来的思想或信息来理解作者的观点是很重要的。

例如：Mr. Smith taught English at a school. At the beginning of his lesson， he liked to have one of his students give a report on any subject. When it was Jack’s turn， he told his audience about his elder brother who was a local worker. But during the report， his eyes were staring at the world map on the wall all the time. Mr. Smith knew that Jack didn’t look at the audience because he was nervous. He said to Jack jokingly， “We can see you miss your brother very much. But is he good now in South America？ ”

4. The style of the passage is ______.

A.miserable B.sorrowful C.happy D.humorous

答案：D

参考文献

[1] 黄芳.实用大学英语[M].中国水利水电出版社，2011，12.

[2] 王晓燕.快速阅读的技能和技巧[J].中国科教创新导刊，2007（14）.

[3] 邓薇，丁铭.浅谈练习英语快速阅读的方法[J].科教文汇（上旬刊），2008（01）.

（作者单位：四川职业技术学院）