时间：2022-05-22 03:08:59
背景大链接
Mark Twain in Hannibal
马克・・吐温在汉尼堡
When he wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn， Mark Twain turned Hannibal， Missouri―which he later described as a “white town bathing in the sunshine of a summer’s morning”―into an American literary Mecca. No other town in the country has stronger associations with an author， and Twain readily acknowledged its role in his success.
The relationship between Hannibal and Twain began in November 1839， when Twain’s father， John Clemens， decided to leave the hamlet of Florida， Missouri， and move east about 35 miles（56km） to the somewhat larger and more prosperous Hannibal， on the banks of the Mississippi River. Twain， then known as Samuel Clemens， marked his fourth birthday about a week after the family settled there. However， he showed little promise of becoming a long-term resident， because his health was so poor that his parents probably feared he would not survive childhood.
During the family’s first few years in Hannibal， Twain was too young to understand fully the changes going on around him. About the time the family moved into their new home， Twain’s health improved dramatically. Instead of having to lead a quiet indoor life， he could roam the streets of Hannibal， climb the surrounding hills， explore the area’s caves and splash about in local swimming holes.
Twain’s carefree days did not last long. His father used their house as collateral for a friend’s loan， and the creditor took possession when the loan failed. A physician who lived diagonally across the street from the family offered to let them live in his home. The Clemens family moved into that house sometime in late 1846. On March 24， 1847， John Clemens died. His wife， Jane Lampton Clemens， and their oldest son， Orion， managed to regain possession of the little house on Hill Street， and the family moved back into it that summer. These events dampened but did not extinguish Twain’s cheerful disposition.
Within a year of his father’s death， he quit school and became an apprentice printer， and when his brother Orion bought the Hannibal Journal in 1851， Twain went to work for him as a printer and editorial assistant. The stories he wrote for Orion’s paper， his first publications， taught him that he much preferred writing to typesetting. Thus， when he decided to leave Hannibal in May 1853， he already had an inkling of his future career.
当马克・吐温撰写《汤姆・索亚历险记》和《哈克贝里・费恩历险记》时，他把密苏里州的汉尼堡变成了美国文学的圣地（后来他描写它如同一座“沐浴在夏日清晨阳光下的安宁小镇”）。在这个国家没有哪一座城镇会比这里与作家的关系更紧密的了，而且吐温乐于承认它在他取得成功中的作用。
汉尼堡与吐温的关系始于1893年11月，当时吐温的父亲约翰・克莱门斯，决定离开密苏里州佛罗里达的小村子，迁往东35英里（56千米）位于密西西比河岸边那座大点儿的、繁荣些的汉尼堡。当一家人在那里定居大约一个星期后，吐温（当时叫塞缪尔・克莱门斯）度过了四岁的生日。然而他差点儿没能成为那里的长期居民，因为他的身体很差以至于父母担心他可能会夭折。
在全家人住在汉尼堡的头几年里，吐温因为太小还不能完全理解他周围发生的变化。而在全家乔迁新居时，吐温的身体戏剧般地好转了。他不再被迫过着肃静的室内生活，而可以在汉尼堡的街道上随处闲逛，攀爬周围的小山，探寻那里的洞穴以及在当地的水潭里嬉戏。
吐温无忧无虑的日子没过多久。父亲将他们的房子做了抵押，以便向一个朋友贷款，当贷款还不上后这个债主占了抵押物。一位住在他家斜对面的医生主动提出让他们住在他家。在1846年末的一个时候克莱门斯一家搬进了那栋房子。1847年3月24日，约翰・克莱门斯去世。其妻简・兰普顿・克莱门斯和长子奥利翁，设法重新得到了希尔街那栋小屋的产权，并在那年夏天举家搬了回去。这些事虽然很丧气，但并没有改变吐温愉悦的个性。
父亲去世的一年后，他辍了学并在印刷厂当起学徒，当1851年他哥哥奥利翁买下《汉尼堡日报》时，吐温去那里给他干活，当了一名印刷工兼编辑助理。他为奥利翁的报纸写的故事，也是他的处女作，使他明白与排字工作相比自己更喜欢写作。于是，当他在1853年5月决定离开汉尼堡时，他对将来的事业已有了初步的勾画。
词汇短语园地
1. pour vi. （雨）倾盆而下；涌流，倾泻
vt. 倾倒
It’s pouring outside.
外面下着瓢泼大雨。
Although I poured it carefully， I still spilled some.
尽管我小心倒这东西，还是洒了一些。
1） pour...into... 向……投入大量……
The government has poured millions into education system.
政府已经投入了数百万到教育系统。
2） pour out 倾诉；倾吐
She poured out her troubles over me.
她向我倾诉她的烦恼。
3） pour cold water on... 给……浇冷水
Don’t pour cold water on my new idea.
不要给我的新想法浇冷水。
2. lie vi. 说谎，撒谎；躺，平躺
n. 谎言（可数）
You could see from her face that she was lying.
从她的表情上你可以看出她在撒谎。
The whole account is nothing but a pack of lies.
整个叙述只不过是一派胡言。
1） lie to对某人撒谎
Don’t lie to me.
别对我撒谎。
2） lie about sth 在某事上撒谎
She lied about her age.
她谎报自己的年龄。
3） give the lie to... 证明……是虚假的
These new figures give the lie to the thought that employment is going down.
这些新的数据表明失业率在下降的看法是不真实的。
4） tell （sb） a lie/lies （向某人）说谎
Don’t believe him！ He always tells lies.
别相信他！他经常说谎。
5） a white lie 善意的谎言
I don’t think it is wrong to use a white lie to comfort others.
我不认为用善意的谎言来安慰他人是有错的。
比较：
3. curious adj. 好奇的
1） be curious about... 对……感到好奇
They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
2） be curious to do... 想做……
I was curious to find out what she had said.
我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。
4. tie vt. （用绳、带等）绑，系，拴；系，扣
They tied him to a chair with the rope.
他们用绳子把他绑在一把椅子上。
I tied a knot in the rope.
我在绳子上打了个结。
1） tiedown （to sth/to doing sth） 限制/束缚/牵制某人（做某事）
I don’t want to tie myself down to coming back on a particular day.
我不想限制自己在特定的某一天回来。
2） tie in with... 连接在一起，同时进行
The concert will tie in with the festival of dance taking place at the same weekend.
音乐会将与周末举行的舞蹈节同时进行。
3） tie up 系好，捆上
He left his dog tied up to a tree.
他把狗拴在了树上。
5. disturb vt. 打扰；扰乱
I am sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a moment？
对不起打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我书桌上的文件弄乱了。
disturbance n. （受）打扰；骚乱
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的，令人不安的
6. warn vt. 警告（说）
（1） warn后接从句
She was warned that if she did it again she would lose her job.
她被警告说如果她再这样做就会丢掉工作。
（2） warnof/about sth 警告或提醒某人某事
I warned you of the risk， didn’t I？
我事先警告过你有危险，是不是？
A government notice warns the public about the dangers of cigarette smoking.
一个政府通知警告公众吸烟的危害。
（3） warn （sb） against doing sth 告诫某人不要做某事
The guidebook warns against walking alone at night.
这本指南告诫我们夜间不要单独行走。
（4） warnto do sth 提醒某人做某事
He warned Billy to keep away from his daughter.
他警告比利离他女儿远点。
（5） warn后不接特别结构
I tried to warn him， but he wouldn’t listen.
我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。
（6） warn...off...（尤指以威胁的方式）叫……离开……，
告诫……不要靠近……
The farmer warned us off his land when we tried to camp there.
我们想在农场主的土地露营时，他警告我们不得靠近那里。
7. force vt. 强迫；迫使
（1） forceto do sth 强迫某人做某事
She forced herself to be polite to them.
她对他们强装客气。
（2） forceinto sth/into doing sth 强迫或迫使某人做某事
Ill health forced him into early retirement.
他由于健康不佳不得不提前退休。
The president was forced into resigning.
总统被迫辞职。
1） force...back 强忍……（不表露情感）
She swallowed hard and forced back her tears.
她使劲咽了一下口水，强忍住了眼泪。
2） force...on/upon把……强加给某人
They always force their will on me.
他们总是将他们的意愿强加给我。
8. run away（秘密地）逃跑
They ran away together to get married.
他们私奔结了婚。
Someone has run away with all my jewels.
有人偷了我的珠宝逃跑了。
1） run across 偶然遇见 2） run after 追赶
3） run around 东奔西跑 4） run down 耗尽能量
5） run into... 撞上
6） run out （of sth） 用完（某物）
9. make up 编造（说法、解释等）；形成，构成；化妆，打扮
Are you telling the truth， or making it up？
你说的是真话还是编故事？
Girls make up 30% of the number of students.
女生占学生人数的30%。
She never goes out without making herself up first.
不先化妆她是从不外出的。
1） make up for 补偿；赔偿
2） make up to 接近；奉承
10. set （a play， novel， etc.） in 设置（戏剧、小说
等的）背景
This writer set his story in China.
这位作家把故事背景设定在中国。
The movie is set in the countryside in the 19th century.
这部电影是以19世纪的农村为背景的。
1） set...aside 把……置于一旁
2） set off 出发 3） set out 出发
4） set up 建立，创立 5） set down 写下，记下
跟踪导练（一）
阅读地带
A
New York State Governor David Paterson described the crash-landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on a freezing river as “a miracle（奇迹）on the Hudson”. The miracle was the survival and safe rescue of all 155 passengers aboard the Airbus A320 that suffered bird hits on both its engines soon after take-off on January 16. The hero in this remarkable escape was the 57-year-old captain， Chesley Sullenberger. The former US Air Force pilot showed extreme skill and presence of mind to control―from an altitude of 900 meters―the plane over the crowds， over the buildings， over the George Washington Bridge， and on to the Hudson River， nose-up and at an angle that gave it the best chance. The pilot walked into the plane twice after the crash to make sure all of the passengers and staff were safe.
“The left engine just blew. Flames were coming out of it and I was looking at it because I was sitting right there. And it just started smelling like gas. Everyone started， to be honest， to say prayers（祈祷文），” a passenger told WNBC.
“We had to give it to the pilot man，” the shaken passenger added， “he did a hard job.”
“There were a couple of people who took charge and started shouting at everyone to calm down.” Alberto Panero told CNN. “Once everyone realized they were going to be OK， they settled down.”
Along the bank of the Hudson， people right there could not believe their eyes： A plane was flying impossibly low yet steady as it could be. It was as if the pilot was approaching a runway， not the icy winter waters of Manhattan’s Hudson River.
Ferry（渡船）passengers who happened to be on the Hudson at the time of the crash jumped into action. “We just started taking people from the wing，” said Janis Krums who was riding on one of the first boats to arrive and save the passengers. “And we just started giving them clothes and keeping them warm. In less than six or seven minutes we just had five or six boats helping.”
1. What can be the best headline of the news？
A. A Jet Crash Called “a Miracle on the Hudson”
C. They usually took spoken tests.
D. They took objective tests.
6. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ___ .
A. the population grows rapidly
B. exams are now written and timed
C. workers now take examinations
D. there are mostly written exams today
7. During which test must students select answers？
A. Objective test. B. Personal test.
C. Spoken test. D. Written test.
8. Modern industry must have developed ___ .
A. in Greece or Rome B. around the 19th century
C. before the Middle Ages D. machines to take tests
单词训练营
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. A ____ essay presents a person’s most noteworthy characteristics and achievements.
2. The whole thing was so ____ that I couldn’t help being amused.
3. Instead of becoming a doctor， George became a successful writer of ____ stories.
4. The ____ has been in prison for five years for his crime.
5. Are you alone or with a ____ when you are walking on your way home？
6. What terrible weather！ It was ____ all the day yesterday.
7. Everything may tell you lies， but mirrors don’t ____ .
8. I was really ____ to hear what he would say.
单句改错
下列各句每句有1个错误。
1. The man had fallen asleep where he was laying without undressing. ___
2. It’s bad to point to your parents and say rude words. ___
3. Because of missing the last bus， it looks even if we’ll have to walk. ___
4. The new building is 100 meters on height. ___
单句翻译
1. 使我感到吃惊的是， 你还没有受够他。
2. 两母女非常害怕地注视着大雨顺着窗户往下流。
3. 在今天迟到的原因上，这个小男孩撒了个谎。
4. 囚犯是如何把守卫们捆住然后从监狱逃跑的，这还是一个未解之谜。
单项选择
1. I used to lie ___ my misfortunate past， but I don’t do that any more now.
A. of B. about
C. in D. for
2. I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before， and then it suddenly ___ me.
A. beat B. caused
C. hit D. tied
3. When I was still a baby， I became curious ___ everything new around me.
A. at B. in
C. about D. of
4. ___ not to be late for the meeting， we arrived thirteen minutes ___ the required time， but when we arrived we were informed the meeting had been called off.
A. In order； ahead of B. So as； ahead of
C. In order； in advance D. So as； in advance of
5. ― What’s the event like？
― The ___ of three persons who saw what happened in
the event differed from the official version of it.
A. explanations B. accounts
C. suggestions D. opinions
6. Tina trusts you， so only you can ___ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. persuade B. advise
C. suggest D. attract
7. The students attending this class was ___ about 10-year-old children.
A. made of B. made from
C. made in D. made up of
8. ― My son has got a gold medal in the World Olympic
Math Competition.
― What a ___ boy！ Congratulations！
A. promising B. curious
C. interesting D. helpful
阅读表达
One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch the suspected police killer David Bieber―and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to 30，000 prize money.
Vicki Brown， 30， played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki became suspicious of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with few things and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said， “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact.” Vicki， the only employee on duty， called her bosses Margaret， 64， and husband Stan McKale， 65， who phoned the police at 11 pm.
Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston， Gateshead， at about 11：30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes.
“It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said， ‘Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside？’ My heart missed a beat.”
Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and stairways to the top floor room and handed over the key.
“I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel， so I went to watch. I could not see into the man’s room， but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted at him to lie down while he was handcuffed（带上手铐）.”
1. Why was Vicki Brown thanked with flowers by the police？ （within 10 words）
2. Why did Vicki become suspicious of David Bieber？ （within 5 words）
3. How did vicki keep in touch with the police？ （within 2 words）
4. How did Vicki feel when the police arrived？ （within 3 words）
5. Where was David Bieber most probably handcuffed？ （within 7 words）
跟踪导练（二）
阅读地带
A
Research by Scotland Yard published in a London newspaper， has reported that knife crime in London is a serious non-white phenomenon（现象）， with 165 of the 225 under-18s accused of（被控犯有……罪）knife crime in the past three months being from the black or other non-white groups.
According to Scotland Yard， only 60 of the 225 crimes were white. Despite being a small minority of the knife holding criminals， whites did， however， make up the single largest group of victims of knife crime.
According to the Scotland Yard report， whites made up 222 of the 637 victims of knife crime over the last three months. This number could probably be higher， as 292 victims were not identified by race（种族）.
This month Scotland Yard Deputy Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson suggested knife crime has replaced drug selling as the top concern for London police.
Sir Paul said so as he announced a specialist knife crime unit to deal with teenagers carrying knives in the capital. It will use a team of 75 specialist officers to find criminal group members and their supporters.
Detective Inspector， George Rhoden， president of the National Organisation of Black Law Enforcement Executives said， “In the black community we have all noticed that there is major concern about gun-and-knife crime. Clearly we are not the only part of the community affected by the problem of children who have no fathers， but parental responsibility should be of major concern.”
Around 59 percent of black Caribbean children and 54 percent of mixed-race youngsters are looked after by a single parent. In the white British population， the number is 22 percent.
1. What does the research by Scotland Yard show talking about knife crime in London？
A. More blacks suffer.
B. The most crimes are white.
C. The victims tend to be the white.
D. Non-white groups take up the largest number of victims.
2. From Sir Paul Stephenson’s words we can infer that in London ___ .
A. knife crime catches no attention
B. knife crime has long been greatest trouble
C. drug selling used to be the most serious problem
D. police saw no knife holding criminals in the past
3. What measure has the government taken to deal with the problem of knife crime？
A. Punishing the parents.
B. Forming a specialist knife crime unit.
C. translating D. memory
7. We can learn from the text that ___.
A. movies are usually time limited
B. books provide more visual stimuli
C. books leave readers nothing to interpret
D. movies can easily catch the depths of characters
8. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A. Movies： Easy Form of Entertainment
B. Books： Better Form of Entertainment
C. Why Are We Disappointed at Movies
D. How to Produce Movies Based on Books
单词训练营
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Perhaps time would ____ everything after we had been through a very bad period.
2. I ____ when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
3. Shall I ____ all these things together with the rope？
4. David was very handsome， except for the shadow of a very dark ____ .
5. Something happened one day， which was as unexpected as it was ____ and horrible.
6. Elephants do not worry about things ____ up their noses.
7. I was ____ out of my mind when the respectable old man was found to be a murderer.
8. I’m sorry， but can I ____ you for a moment？
单句改错
下列各句每句有1个错误。
1. I’m afraid we’ll be late， so I suggest take a bus at once.
___
2. At the first I thought he was shy， but then I discovered I was wrong. ___
3. Please ask the neighbor when to stop make noises. ___
4. Listen！ Can you hear someone shouted？ ___
单句翻译
1. 我们相信他与这件事无关，是你在这件事上编故事。
2. 对我来说，你感兴趣的这本书听起来好像是有趣的东西。
3. 尝试多次后，最终我说服他听从我的意见。
4. 愚人节充满着开玩笑的游戏，在那天很多孩子喜欢对别人恶作剧。
单项选择
1. At the sight of the ___ snake in front of the young girl， there appeared a ___ look on her face.
A terrified； terrified B terrifying； terrified
C terrified； terrifying D terrifying； terrifying
2. Don’t ___ any letter in a word， or it will be a wrong word.
A. find out B. look out
C. give out D. leave out
3. The room was in such a mess that it looked ___ it had been broken into by someone.
A. even though B. as for
C. even if D. as if
4. When knowing the truth they all looked ___ at the man and felt quite ___ .
A. angry； angrily B. angrily； angrily
C. angry； angry D. angrily； angry
5. According to what his mother said， he died ___ the car accident last year.
A. out B. off
C. from D. for
6. After running for the bus， Bill ___ and felt tired.
A. got his breath B. was out of breath
C. held his breath D. caught his breath
7. A car ___ at the gate and three men got out of it.
A. drew out B. drew back
C. drew up D. drew off
8. Look！ The sun was shining brightly outside， ___ every-thing ___ beautiful and lovely.
A. making； look B. to make； look
C. making； looked D. to make； looking
跟踪导练（三）
阅读地带
A
Millions of women use cosmetics， often called “make-up”. The cosmetics industry is one of the biggest in the world. Most large stores sell cosmetics， and there are always shops at airports selling them cheaply. The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better. Lipstick， face powder and cream， and eye make-up are the most popular. Although more women than men use cosmetics， there are cosmetics for men as well as women.
Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different. They have the shape of their noses and eyes changed.
The most widely used cosmetic is probably lipstick， as many women who do not wear any other make-up will often put on a little lipstick.
Lipstick is made by mixing together different oils and colors. This mixture is then allowed to get hard and is cut into the shape of a small pencil. When a woman presses the lipstick to her lips， the end of it becomes soft， and some of it sticks to her lips， giving them extra color.
Cosmetics were probably first used in India， but it was the Egyptians， six thousand years ago， who made the most use of them. Rich Egyptian women painted their eyes green and black. They used a red color to paint pretty designs on their fingernails， the palms of their hands and the soles（脚掌）of their feet. Pictures of Cleopatra always show her wearing a lot of make-up.
The Romans also used cosmetics. They liked to make their skin very white and to paint their eyes. They also used a kind of lipstick.
In England at one time， very rich women had baths in milk to make their skin beautiful. They also used a lot of sweet-smelling powder to stop people smelling their bodies， which were often very dirty because they did not wash very often or change their clothes.
At one time， some cosmetics were not safe. They were bad for the skin， and some of the lipsticks and powders that people used were even poisonous. Nowadays， people in the cosmetics industry take great care to make sure that everything they use is completely safe.
1. Why do people use cosmetics？
A. To feel happier.
B. To have a better look.
C. To improve the health.
D. To appear different from others.
2. What kind of cosmetics is probably used most widely？
A. Cream. B. Face powder.
C. Lipstick. D. Eye make-up.
3. Who used to use many cosmetics in the daily life？
A. Indian women. B. Egyptian women.
C. Roman women. D. English women.
4. What can we say about cosmetics industry？
A. It is the oldest.
B. It develops very fast.
C. It is the biggest worldwide.
D. It should be very responsible to customers.
B
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is decided in advance. He knows what he wants， and his objective is to find it and buy it； the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock （有现货的）， the salesman immediately introduces it， and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well， the deal can be and is often completed in less than five minutes， with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.
For a man， slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants， or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman， as the name implies， tries to sell the customer something else， he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute（替代品）impolitely； he does so with skill， “I know this jacket is not the style you want， sir， but would you like to try it for size？ It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment， and the usual response is， “This is the right color and may be the right size， but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes？ In almost every way she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants， and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion； in fact she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her， even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Opposite to a lot of jokes， most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses， a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiring process， but obviously an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
A. To； at B. To； in
C. In； at D. In； in
2. ― Did you enjoy the book？
― Sure， it is ___ a beautiful town with a variety of cultures.
A. set in B. put on
C. set off D. taken on
3. ― Hello！ This is Marce. I want to speak to Ling， please.
― ___ . She is upstairs and I ask her to answer it.
A. Hurry up B. Get a move on
C. Hang on a minute D. Hold your attention
4. Look at these dark clouds in the sky. It looks ___ .
A. as if it rains B. like raining
C. like rain D. like to rain
5. ― Why do you look so unhappy？
― What my son did at home greatly ___ me.
A. damaged B. pleased
C. destroyed D. annoyed
6. Mini， hurry up. There’s little time left and I’m afraid you won’t have enough time to ___ before the wedding party.
A. get changing B. get changed
C. get to change D. get change
7. Having a lot of work to do， she was not ___ a romantic walk in the woods.
A. in mood for B. in the mood for
C. in mood of D. in the mood of
8. ___ ， I haven’t enough time； secondly， I haven’t enough energy.
A. To start with B. Start with
C. Starting with D. Started with
阅读表达
Some people are lucky enough to be born with a good sense of direction and even if they have only visited a place once， they will be able to find it again years later.
I am one of those unfortunate people who have a poor sense of direction and I may have visited a place time after time but I still get lost on my way there. When I was young I was so shy that I never dared（敢于）ask complete strangers the way so I used to wander round（转来转去）in circles and hope that by some chance I would get to the spot I was heading for.
I am no longer too shy to ask people for direction， but I often receive replies that puzzle（使困惑）me. If anyone ever asks me the way to someplace， I always tell them I am a stranger to the town in order to avoid giving them wrong directions but even this can have embarrassing results.
Once I was on my way to work when I was stopped by a man who asked me if I would direct him the way to the Sunlight Building. I gave my usual reply， but I had not walked on a few steps when I realized that he had asked for directions of my office building. However， at this point， I decided it was too late to turn back and search for him out of the crowd behind me as I was going to meet with someone at the office and I did not want to keep him waiting.
Imagine my embarrassment when my secretary showed in the very man who had asked for directions of my office and his astonishment when he recognized me as the person he had asked.
1. Why did the writer consider himself to be an “unlucky dog”？ （within 8 words）
2. What will the writer do when someone asks him for direction？ （within 10 words）
3. Where was the writer when he was stopped by the visitor？ （within 5 words）
4. How did the visitor feel when he was showed into the very room？ （within 3 words）
5. Who showed the right way to the interviewee？ （within 4 words）
跟踪导练（四）
阅读地带
A
Do you want to see the effects of global warming？ Then head north. Recent studies indicate that the North Pole， instead of coated in thick sea ice， could be underwater during the summer in less than 10 years. But seeing the Arctic terrain（地带）up close isn’t easy， unless you’re handy with a dogsled（狗拖的雪橇）. Steger is going to take all of us there.
Steger， 64， is a great polar explorer. He was the first person to make a dogsled trip to the North Pole， and is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming.
Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1，400-mile， 60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island， in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. “We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming，” says Steger. The team will be uploading videos， stories and photos to the website as they march along， allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day.
Steger’s team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson， 22-year-old， is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year， Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race.
What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn’t know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic. “Within ten years or less， it’s going to be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team， without flotation（漂浮），” says Steger.
1. What can we learn about climate change from Paragraph 1？
A. It is the result of pollution.
B. It happens only in the far north.
C. The effects of it are obvious in the Arctic terrain.
D. It is going to be the biggest problem for mankind.
2. It can be inferred that the aim of the dogsled trip is to ___ .
A. encourage young people to explore the Arctic
B. present the Arctic terrain to geography classes
C. study the cause of climate change in polar regions
D. raise realization of the damage that climate change is causing in polar regions
3. Which of the following statements about Steger’s team is true？
A. Steger， the leader， is an environmental expert.
B. All the members are experienced Arctic explorers.
C. Sam Branson is skilled at travelling in the Arctic.
D. Ekran is the second woman to have reached the North Pole.
4. Why doesn’t Steger know what they will see during their trip？
A. The geography there has changed， due to warmer temperatures.
B. It will be the first time for him to go that far north.
C. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen.
D. They will go there by boat instead of by sled.
B
When families gather for Christmas dinner， some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver， and the dress code will be Sunday-best.
But in many other homes， this china-and-silver custom has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless（不锈的）informality， with dresses appearing an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests， the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain， it means economic hard times.
Last week Royal Doulton， the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent， announced that it is cutting down 1，000 jobs―one-fifth of its total workforce. That brought to more than 4，000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery（陶瓷）region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.
Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing， the layoffs（临时解雇）in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social changes. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often， he explained， and more people eat alone， either because they are single or they eat in front of television.
Even dinner parties， if they happen at all， have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules， busy hosts insist， rightly， that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often， the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-designed tablecloth？ Forget it. Shine the silver？ Who has time？
Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of table manners that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grand-parents （“Chew with your mouth closed”， “Keep your elbows off the table.”） must be picked up elsewhere.
5. In Britain， the formal traditions at family dinner ___ .
A. show people’s respect for the older generations
B. are mainly preferred in families of the upper class
C. have a long history and are valued by some people
D. will be deserted with the development of economy
6. Royal Doulton in Paragraph 3 is probably ___ .
A. the manager of a fine china factory
B. a company that produces fine china
C. a large region in Britain famous for producing china
D. an organization that determines the use of workforce
7. What is the main reason for less formality at dinner party？
A. Busy schedules don’t allow for formality.
B. Hosts care less about their social behaviors.
C. Being formal has been out of date at present.
D. Hosts are getting tired of frequent family dinner.
8. From the last paragraph， we can learn that informality ___ .
A. should be picked up elsewhere
B. has resulted in the great loss in British economy
C. has reduced parents’ influence on children’s behaviors
D. helps table manners become more important than before
单词训练营
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. He ____ his father very much in all his ways of action.
2. The difference between the two artists’ ____ methods is enormous.
3. Each students must answer all the questions during the examination without ____ .
4. I have ____ him that it is not allowed to enter the building because the construction of that hasn’t been finished yet.
5. He is a very ____ woman who always gets what she wants.
6. The boy won’t do his homework if you don’t ____ him to.
7. This great battle was ____ recorded in the documentary film.
8. Having been ____ for over ten years， our company becomes one of normalization and specialization.
单句改错
下列各句每句有1个错误。
1. Of the two girls who are both working hard in the library， which one do you like best？ ___
2. Though he isn’t a soldier， he works as a soldier. ___
3. He said he waited long since he made up his mind to achieve this final goal. ___
4. Almost everyone dreams that he/she can get richness in a short time. ___
单句翻译
1. 越来越多的村民动身离开村庄去城里，决定去那里发财。
2. 汤姆经常捉弄同学。最后他弄得声名狼藉，没人愿意和他待在一起。
3. 我们都警告他可能发生的危险，不要强迫那只大狗做它不想做的事。
4. 我们匆忙赶到教室，却发现那儿没人，但谁也不知道究竟发生了什么事。
单项选择
1. In this company， I think everyone should know he/she must follow the order of the boss and you， our manager， has no ___ .
A. experience B. expression
C. exception D. expectation
2. If you have more time to stay with her， you can know clearly that she ___ her twin sister in appearance but not in character.
A. looks B. seems
C. resembles D. equals
3. The development of the Internet has ___ many more new ways for people to entertain themselves during weekends.
A. built B. made
C. created D. invented
4. Afraid of being punished by his English teacher， the boy ___ an excuse for arriving ___ the classroom late.
A. gave up； at B. took up； in
C. made up； at D. picked up； in
5. The robber ___ an old woman to hand over her money， but the woman refused to do that at once.
A. had B. forced
C. made D. advised
6. As soon as Lily came to the office， she ___ cleaning the floor.
A. set off B. set down
C. set up D. set about
7. It’s not good to leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.
A. running B. run
C. being running D. to run
8. ― ___ ！ It’s already 3 o’clock. The class is going to
begin at 3：15！
― I have tried my best to run.
A. Go away B. Get a move on
C. Go back D. Go off
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