浅谈艺术类学生英语写作能力的培养

时间:2022-03-19 12:08:51

浅谈艺术类学生英语写作能力的培养

[摘 要]对艺术类学生而言,英语写作无疑是整个英语学习过程中的难点之一,因其掌握的英语语言基础知识相对较少,英语语言表达的基本功也相对薄弱。如何培养艺术类学生英语写作能力是每一位艺术类英语教师都要面临的问题。笔者将在下文中对此进行探讨。

[关键词]英语写作;基本功;能力

中图分类号:G40-057 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-914X(2016)11-0134-01

英语写作是学生英语综合能力的体现,对学生英语基本功的要求也较高。而艺术类学生所掌握的英语语言基础知识相对较少,英语语言表达的基本功也相对薄弱,因此,写出的作文往往错误叠出,前言不搭后语,难以表达自己的观点。为了帮助学生提高英语写作能力,笔者在教学过程中从以下几点做了一些尝试:

一.帮助学生打好英语句子写作的基本功

笔者在教学过程中力争通过句子分析和句子翻译,着重从句子的主要成分、句子的修饰成分两方面入手,帮助学生掌握句子的组成结构,从而达到学会写句子的目的。具体做法:在讨论句子的主要成分时,笔者发现虽然我们的学生知道英语句子有两个主要成分,即主语和谓语,但在具体表达时却容易忽略两个成分中的主要部分,那就是构成谓语部分的动词。比如:当同学们翻译“她漂亮(She is beautiful.)。”和“她妹妹20岁(Her sister is twenty years old.)。”这两个句子时,有的同学把英文句子分别写成了“She beautiful.”和“Her sister twenty years old.”;笔者同时也发现由于受自己母语的影响,有些同学会写出一些没有主语的英文句子。比如:在翻译“这里冬天很少下雪(It seldom snows here in winter.)。”一句时,同学们的翻译更是五花八门,有的写成“Snow a little here in winter.”;有的写成“Seldom snow here in winter.”……很少有同学想到用it 作句子的主语,因为这个句子的汉语中不需要“it”这个主语。于是,笔者把正确的英文句子写到黑板上,和同学们一起分析其组成部分,强调记住英语句子的主要成分的重要性,并同步进行大量操练,在接下来的句子翻译中,同学们的相关错误就少多了。

在讨论句子的修饰成分时,笔者的做法是通过句子分析,让学生知道我们可以用形容词、副词、分词或短语来充当修饰成分,说明原因、时间、条件、行为方式、程度和伴随发生等情况,并运用到自己的写作实践中。比如,可以把上述的例句“She is beautiful.”扩展为“She is a beautiful girl.”,并和同学们一起分析句中beautiful的修饰作用;把“Her sister is twenty years old.”改写为“Her sister is twenty years old and often argue with their parents about her future.”,然后和同学们一起分析此句中often的修饰作用。

二.帮助学生掌握英语段落写作的基本方法

我们课堂教学所使用的每一篇文章都是由若干段落组成,因此,笔者会把英语段落写作的技巧贯穿到整个教学过程中。比如:在讲到“Lessons from Jefferson”一文时,笔者特意把“Jefferson was a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words:”We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”一段文章拿出分析、讨论并告知学生这个段落是由主题句“Jefferson was a good and tireless writer.”和三个发展句“1)His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. 2)His talent as an author was soon discovered and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. 3)Millions have thrilled to his words:”We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”组成。再比如,在讲到“Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life” 一文时,笔者把“It’s a self-reliant sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just make it through the heating season.” 一段文章拿出和同学讨论,并达成共识:这个段落也是由一个主题句“It’s a self-reliant sort of life.” 和三个发展句“1)We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. 2)Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. 3)Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just make it through the heating season.”组成。当我们再拿出一个段落“It’s a satisfying life too. In the summer we canoe on the river, go picnicking in the woods and take long bicycle rides. In the winter we ski and skate. We get excites about sunsets. We love the smell of the earth warming and the sound of cattle lowing. We watch for hawks in the sky and deer in the cornfields.”让学生分析其段落结构时,同学们则信心满满,非常顺利地把结构分析清楚。至此,同学们已经对段落的组成有了基本认识,但即便如此,由于是初学写作,写出的段落多流于概念化,空洞化,不能用充分具体的材料来阐述和展开段落的中心思想。为此,笔者又再次和同学们一起阅读、分析和讨论上述三个段落,并告知同学们主题句是一个表示一般概念的句子,用以概括一个段落的中心思想,而段落的其余的句子,即发展句部分都必须与主题句密切相关,共同阐明、证实主题句。如上述例一中的三个发展句列举了三个例证(evidence---1. Fifty-volume books 2. author of the Declaration of Independence 3. effect of his writing),为主题句提供有说服力的例证;上述第二、第三两个例子中的发展句则是通过提供细节进一步阐述主题句的思想内容。接下来让同学们以Sports and Games 为题写出各自的段落时,同学们的段落不仅结构完整,内容也十分详实。

由此可见,虽然对艺术类学生而言,英语写作是英语学习过程中的难点之一,虽然艺术类学生所掌握的英语语言基础知识相对较少,英语语言表达的基本功也相对薄弱,但是通过持之以恒地学习、讨论、操练和修正,同学们的写作能力一定会得到明显提高。

参考文献

[1] 董亚芬,翟象俊.《大学英语精读2》上海外语教育出版社,2007.

[2] 李荫华,王德明,夏国佐,余建中,赵建,等.全新版《大学英语综合教程》,2002.

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