Discussion of the mode of the improvement of the education management and the te

Abstract. The education and management of students in private universities are facing new challenges and new problems, and how to construct the people-oriented education and management mode of students has become the main content of this paper. Mainly from the description of the people-oriented concept, and then the comparative analysis of the reason why the private colleges must achieve the transformation from the management oriented concept to the idea of the students' rights orientation and the people orientation, this article summed up the people-oriented education and management mode of students in civilian run colleges and universities.

Keywords: Private colleges; people orientation; students' education and management; work mode

In recent years, China's higher education and teaching reform continued to deepen, and the mode of the training of the talents is in various forms, the scale of running the schools is doubled. The development of the private colleges and universities is like the bamboo shoots after a spring rain. As is disclosed according to the symposium of the responsible persons of the private colleges that the Ministry of Education held, there are 228 private colleges and universities at present in our country with the independent qualification of awarding the diploma, with an increase of 95 than in 2002 when the promotion law of private education was promulgated and implemented, which is increased by 71.4%. There are 711000 internal students, with an increase of 391 thousand people than in 2002, which is increased by 122.2%. The education and management of students in private universities are facing new challenges and new problems, such as the classroom management of the private college students, the management of the daily activities, and the dormitory management etc. Thus, it is very necessary to explore the education management problems of the private colleges.

Based on the above description, the author will have a discussion on the topic.

1. Challenges facing the educational management

of private colleges

1-1. Students lack the goals.

This phenomenon is mainly due to the generally last batch of admission of the private colleges and universities, the learning interests of the admitted students in high schools because of various reasons are frustrated or their interests are not strong, which is mainly manifested in the entrance education for freshmen in that the psychological gaps are obvious or there is the mentality of muddling along, without clear learning objectives. Vocational and technical colleges pay much attention to the professional skills, but the students do not form a relatively good learning attitude and the perfect occupational development plans. First, the attendance rate of the morning reading of the students in schools is relatively low, and the proportion of the students who consciously study is small. There is the phenomenon of the emergency review of "making a frantic last-minute effort" before the final exam. Many students are playful, and love sleep, and during the night, their self-discipline ability is poor, and they surf the Internet and play online games all through the night. They do not understand the measure of the schools’ pulling power cuts, and the class attendance is very low. Second, according to the "people-job matching" theory put forward by the American occupation guidance psychologist John Hollander, the worker's occupation is divided into 6 kinds: the actual type, the research based, the social type, the artistic type, the traditional type, and the enterprise type. If the individual characters of the laborer are consistent with the type of the occupation, the individual occupation development and the occupation prestige will have been optimized. The people - job match is the ultimate goal of the occupation selection and orientation. But students at the vocational and technical colleges are commonly not clear about their learning professions, and cannot contact and position the occupational personality, the learning profession, social needs and the family and social surroundings, and their positioning of the occupational development is not clear.

1-2. They lack self-confidence, and are fearful of failure.

The basic knowledge of the students in private colleges is relatively poor, and their learning pressure is relatively large, which mainly shows that many students usually spend a lot of time in the professional courses, but in the examinations, because of the learning methods and the technical problems, their academic achievements are not ideal, affecting their enthusiasm in learning, and their confidence fell, and so does the interest in learning. Many students like to compare with other people, and when their family economy, social relationship, love, life, and karma and other aspects are unpleasant, they have an obvious inferiority tendency.

1-3. In their study, job search and employment, they are fear of rejection and discrimination.

Because of the relatively late start, the social awareness of the private schools generally is not high, and in the students' study, job search and employment, they will usually be excluded, and they usually have the inferiority complex that "there are some small spots on the white jade" and feel inferior, without the perseverance and determination of self-expression and self promotion. As is shown in the "Survey report of the employment situation of the Chinese private college graduates", students in the private colleges can basically face the severe employment situation with a stable state of mind, but 87.18% of the survey respondents are not too optimistic about the employment prospects.

1-4. Complaint and blame

First, due to the limited hardware of the private schools, the students live in dormitories, usually with six to eight people in an accommodation, which is relatively crowded. And many classmates are unable to adapt to the school accommodation, dining, cultural life and other environment because their family conditions are relatively rich, and they are in the irritable moods. Second, the private colleges and universities usually have no funding support from the state, and they rely entirely on the tuition to maintain the normal operation of the schools, with the general charge of the tuition fees ten thousand Yuan, and the accommodation costs 1000-1500 Yuan. Especially in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other areas, the consumption level is very high, and the students' economic pressure is very big. Third, the students are the only children in their families, and their self-esteem is strong. And sometimes there are conflicts between the students, and between the students and the teachers. The management ideas of some schools lag behind, and they adopt the thinking and the evaluation system of the past to evaluate the thinking and behaviors of the students. All these lead to the students' psychological imbalance and the impatient moods, so the complaints and blame often appear.

2. Construction of the model under the feet of the education management and the teaching quality of the private colleges and universities

2-1. Coordinate construction of the occupational training targets of the objects and the subjects in the private higher institutions

The objectives of the education management of the students are: first, the education management centered on the students should respect the students' rights. The education of private colleges and universities is to mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of students, cultivate expertise, and tap the potential of the students. Second, we should aim at the all-round development and sustainable development of the students, and actively create conditions and opportunities for their development. Third, take a variety of ways to understand the students, respect the students, orient the students, and all of the students. Pay attention to the direction and guidance of the spirits of the school in the school management, play the affinity and cohesion of the emotions, build the high grade of the cultural atmosphere of the fraternity thoughts, impart knowledge and educate people, serve and train the individuals, and manage and cultivate the students.

And the students must be clear that to learn to behave is the primary task, and they should realize the development of the personality and the perfection of the personality, and correctly handle the relationship between the personality and the "self", "relationship" and "time", and should attach importance to their actions. They should "lay a good foundation, pay attention to practice, and cultivate the expertise", and should set up the correct target -- to serve the motherland. British poet Wordsworth once said that "if the noble goal can be effectively maintained, that is a noble cause". USA philosopher and poet in the nineteenth century, Emerson once said "the whole world would give way to those who are bent toward his goal". So, the coordinate construction of the occupational training targets of the objects and the subjects in the private higher institutions is the training direction the education and management of students must have, and we should guide the students to design reasonable development plans. First, the goals must be clear, achievable, and measurable. Second, analyze the foundation and the starting point of the students, and position reasonably. Establish the correct occupational values. After many years of experience in the education management, we find the common occupation values of the students are the view of paying more attention to the income and wealth, the concept paying attention to the specialty and interests, the thoughts, paying attention to the rights and positions, and the concepts paying attention to environmental comfort and the sense of stability etc. So we must guide the students to establish the correct values of occupation. Third, be clear about the development goals with the combination of the professions, have the tests on the occupational interests, and have specific guidance for different localities. Fourth, set time limits to realize the goals. Fifth, develop plans to achieve the goals. Sixth, carry out the assessment and evaluation on schedule. Seventh, act under the guidance of the education managers of the students to achieve the goals.

2-2. Education management workers of the students should be good at incentives.

The best way to solve the negative attitudes and bad moods that the students of the private universities generally have is the appreciation education. German anthropologist W S Florence de once said, "If you can make an urgent demand in the hearts of others, and can guide this demand, you can be benefited in every way". In terms of the special running situation in the private colleges, to sum up, our working objectives are: 1, the freshmen; 2, the poor students; 3, the special students and the backward students; 4, students violating the disciplines; 5, students with mental disorders and personality disorders. Through the usual work, the education management workers of the students should establish the growth record of the students, discover the advantages of the students and praise them, the premise of which is based on the understanding of the students. So mainly through the contact, observation and interviews with the students, and with the methods of questionnaire, social survey, cases, autobiography etc., the growth records mainly include: the personal information, family information, records of school attendance, academic performance, expertise, performance of the social practice, interpersonal communication abilities and so on.

2-3. Contingency management education --Combine the direct and the indirect, and highlight the key points.

Education management workers of the students should pay attention to the classroom management, the punishment management, and the dormitory management of the students and so on. And the most important is to analyze the reasons, and mobilize the student Party members, student cadres and the activists help solve the problems of the students in different periods that some of the students lack goals, and self-confidence, and they are fear of failure, and in the education, job search and the employment, they are afraid of discrimination, and rejection, and blame and complaint, and they negate the reality. They are addicted to the online virtual world, and they give up halfway in their learning and doing things, and sometimes there is a violation of discipline. They are pessimistic about the future, and they reach for what is beyond they can grasp. The focus lies in:

First, focus on solving the psychological conflict prone to the students: 1, the conflict of the subjective desire and the objective reality; 2, the conflict of the independence of the students' thoughts and the dependence; 3, the conflict between the thirst for knowledge and the practical ability to identify. 4, the conflict between the self-esteem and the inferiority complex (which are especially easily generated by the poor students in the acceptance of the grant); 5, the conflict caused by the sexual maturity and the lack of sexual knowledge; 6, the psychological conflict in the heterosexual intercourse and in the love matters; 7, the conflict between the daily communication needs and the habitual atresia mentality.

Second, grasp and timely solve the psychological problems of students in their learning and life: 1, the psychological problems during the transition period of the new life (the collective life, the gap between the rich and the poor, the interpersonal relationship, and the relationship between the teachers and the students etc.); 2, the psychological problems generated in the learning (related to the learning motivation, goals, learning methods, the pressure resulted from the upgrade from the junior college student in the university student). 3, the psychological problems of the interpersonal relationship of students (the excessive pursuit of the perfection, excessive demanding to the people, only wanting others to care about them, not knowing how to care about others, and the intensive dormitory relations); 4, the psychology of love during the university; 5, the psychosomatic problems of the adolescence period; 6, the psychological problems in the job search, and not knowing the planning and the design of the personal occupation career.

Third, the informal organizations that positively guide the students should play to their expertise and advantage, and abandon the adverse effects to the normal development of the organization of students.

2-4. Equal emphasis on education, management, and service

In the management of the education, we must realize that "all is for the students, for all the students and for all of the students". The education management workers of the student should properly play the role of the educators, the supporters and the assistants of the students’ development and the administrators representing the schools. In the ideological and moral education, the daily management (evaluation, reception of the freshmen, the living and the work of the graduates, and the dormitory arrangements), low-income families and service, the employment guidance and management and the construction of the campus culture and the guidance of the social practice, we should lay equal emphasis on the education, service and management. Educational administrators of the students in private colleges must have the service consciousness, the human consciousness, the time consciousness, the scientific research consciousness and the individual consciousness in the work, with the education of the people oriented and the students centered. Based on the current situation of the civilian run colleges and universities, We must take into consideration the harmonious construction of the ideological education, students' self education and self management, low-income families and service, students' employment guidance service, the construction of the campus culture, student counseling and other aspects. We should start from the student's point of view and treat students with fully respect of the students' rights. Cultivate the students' consciousness of responsibility and integrity in practice, and in the peacetime, train the students’ cognitive abilities and the abilities to judge and select, and guide the students to form the positive attitude through self understanding, and attach importance to the team spirit and the cooperation consciousness.

Finally, the private universities mainly belong to the occupational technology, and the cultivation of the students is ultimately to achieve the convert of the social roles from nature. Therefore, the educational management workers of the students in private colleges and universities can strengthen the occupational education in the school admission of the freshmen, and the psychological counseling, and we should consider for the student's future, and establish the psychological buffer period. The education management workers of the students in the private colleges generally can proceed from the following aspects: 1, help and guide the students to collect the personal and environmental information, and sort the career clues; 2, guide students to understand their own characteristics and the characteristics of the environment; 3, guide students to understand the professions, and set goals; 4, guide the students to set up the development strategies; 5, carry out the psychological counseling during the graduation. To realize the real change is mainly to pay attention to training students' occupation images, the concept of time, the communication skills, and the role cognition. They should be principled but should avoid the formation of emotional and good psychological quality, and should have good occupation skill and the occupation moral. 6, pay attention to the management and standardization of the details, and strengthen students' etiquette education.

3. Conclusion

The development of the private colleges and universities is like the bamboo shoots after a spring rain. As is disclosed according to the symposium of the responsible persons of the private colleges that the Ministry of Education held, there are 228 private colleges and universities at present in our country with the independent qualification of awarding the diploma, with an increase of 95 than in 2002 when the promotion law of private education was promulgated and implemented, which is increased by 71.4%. There are 711000 internal students, with an increase of 391 thousand people than in 2002, which is increased by 122.2%.

The education and management of students in private universities are facing new challenges and new problems, How to construct the people-oriented education and management mode of the students becomes the main content of this paper. Mainly from the comparative analysis of the reason why the private colleges must achieve the transformation from the management oriented concept to the idea of the students' rights orientation and the people orientation, this article summed up the people-oriented education and management mode of students in civilian run colleges and universities.

References

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[3] Sun Tinglan. Research on the reform of the management of the quality education and the innovative modes of private higher institutions [J], Shanghai Management Science, 2013, (2)